Amazon has officially surpassed a fleet of 1 million robots, an arsenal of mechanical arms, Roomba-like floor loaders, and hulking pallet sorting machines.
Each robot is a node in an intricate web allowing the corporation to speed up delivery times and lower overhead. But for the over 1.5 million full- and part-time workers relying on Amazon wages to pay their bills, the company’s bot army represents rising competition — not just metaphorically, but physically.
As George Mason University professor of business Brad Greenwood told Ars Technica in a recent interview, Amazon’s warehouse robots aren’t just helping Amazon cut costs on labor, but are literally boxing humans out of workspaces in the company’s facilities.
“For the last 100 years, most of the automation that we’ve seen usually happens away from workers,” Greenwood explained. “You’re taking that high-risk task away from the worker, and you’re doing so in a way that is not physically proximate.”
Yet the growth of Amazon’s robot fleet “really changes that dynamic for two reasons: one is that it is physically proximate, and two, the robot has the ability to dictate the pace of work,” Greenwood continued.
That shifting terrain is great for Amazon’s bottom line. The robots help decrease friction across the company’s vast logistics empire, increasing speed and strengthening the company’s bottom line. And by allowing robots to “dictate the pace” of work, as Greenwood put it, Amazon is also loosening its need for human labor, disempowering workers both on an individual basis and in any potential collective bargaining arrangements.
Beyond the shop floor, Amazon’s robots also serve as a near-constant source of buzzy PR, as exciting achievements in automation overshadow the more mundane but widespread reality of workplace injuries. It’s especially convenient for Amazon, as conditions in the company’s facilities appear to become more dangerous as more robots roll out to the floor (and that’s to say nothing of the impact of AI-mediated human resources).
As director of strategic research at the trade union coalition Strategic Organizing Center, Joan Moriarty, told Ars: “Amazon likes to talk about its latest robots because it doesn’t want to talk about the tens of thousands of Amazon workers who are injured every year due to Amazon’s obsession with maximizing speed and minimizing costs.”
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