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Trump’s Crackdown on Chinese Students Ignores a Startling New Reality

October 19, 2025
in News
Trump’s Crackdown on Chinese Students Ignores a Startling New Reality
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President Trump and other influential Republicans want to stop Chinese students from enrolling in strategic technology fields at top U.S. colleges and universities.

At the heart of this push lies the fear that the United States could fall behind in the science and tech race with China. The former U.S. representative Mike Gallagher, a China hawk, called it “absurd” for America to train researchers from a country dedicated to “surpassing the U.S. in emerging technologies.”

This logic overlooks a startling new reality: China is already surpassing the United States in science and technology research. Chinese students no longer need to go to America for world-class research experience in the fields that will shape our future. Barring China’s best minds from American campuses will only drive more of them into a Chinese academic research system increasingly integrated with the country’s defense sector and geared toward building national power.

Data compiled by our teams at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute suggests that U.S. universities trail their Chinese counterparts in cutting-edge research in dozens of emerging technologies. We have combed through millions of scientific papers indexed on Web of Science, one of the world’s most comprehensive databases of peer-reviewed studies, to identify the most influential and high-impact research. We’ve then used that data to rank universities around the world in 64 critical technologies.

Our findings are striking.

China takes the No. 1 spot globally in 57 of those fields. In most of them, Chinese schools don’t just take the top slot; they dominate the top 10.

By these metrics, the world’s best school for research based on aggregate performance across all technologies is Tsinghua University in Beijing, which ranks in the global top 10 in 29 of the 64 domains. In three of them — artificial intelligence algorithms and hardware accelerators, adversarial A.I. and autonomous systems operations — Tsinghua is No. 1 in the world. America’s best performer, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, makes the top 10 in just 10 areas of research and ranks first in two of them.

We found that nine out of the 10 best overall performers are Chinese universities. That’s not even factoring in nonuniversity institutions like the state-run Chinese Academy of Sciences, which, if included, would be the world’s top performer, placing first in 28 of the 64 disciplines.

Data based on published scientific papers can’t tell the whole story, of course. Chinese universities still don’t provide the sort of well-rounded education across a diverse range of disciplines that keeps U.S. universities like Harvard and Yale high on most global rankings.

But high-tech research performance often leads to industrial dominance. Chinese institutions hold the highest spots in our rankings in technologies that underpin industries either already dominated by China — including drones, solar panels and electric vehicles — or where the country is making rapid progress, including nuclear energy technology and robotics.

Beijing also is building a national innovation system — linking academia, industry and defense — designed to bolster China’s military and technological strength. In recent years, dozens of China’s top 60 universities have established an expanding array of labs and research centers dedicated to pushing forward technologies with dual civilian and military uses, according to our research. Some of these initiatives were jointly founded by top Chinese tech companies such as Huawei. China also has strengthened research cooperation between prestigious universities and state-owned defense conglomerates, creating channels for technological breakthroughs to flow directly into military use.

This expanding ecosystem and the professional opportunities it affords incentivizes students to study in China, fast-tracking them into careers in strategic industries. It also keeps the country’s best and brightest cocooned within a politically secure domestic system, minimizing their exposure to notions of liberal democracy and human rights.

Beijing is investing heavily. In March, it announced plans to set up a $138 billion venture capital fund to support start-ups focused on strategic technologies such as quantum computing, semiconductors and A.I. The Trump administration, by contrast, has slashed billions of dollars in research funding.

In the past, no other country could compete with America’s top universities — a potent source of soft power that helped reinforce core U.S. values such as freedom of academic inquiry and overall national prestige. As the latest proposals to restrict Chinese student enrollment make clear, U.S. policymakers have come to view access to the country’s higher education system as a generous benefit bestowed upon the rest of the world.

China is challenging that notion.

Its universities are already luring more foreign scientists and students, many of whom are drawn by research opportunities or repelled by Mr. Trump’s policies and stratospheric U.S. tuition fees.

We may soon face a world in which U.S. universities must compete fiercely for top global academic talent. Price-conscious American STEM students might even begin to put Chinese schools — many of which offer English-language programs at affordable costs — on the radar when college application season rolls around.

All of this puts China in a position to claim leadership in a defining sphere of human achievement: science itself. Cutting off promising Chinese students from study in the United States will only hasten this trajectory, weakening American competitiveness and national security by funneling more of China’s best talent into President Xi Jinping’s superpower-building project.

Bethany Allen is head of the China investigations team at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute. She is the author of “Beijing Rules: How China Weaponized Its Economy to Confront the World” and is based in Taipei, Taiwan.

Jenny Wong Leung is a senior analyst and data scientist in the Australian Strategic Policy Institute’s cyber, technology and security program. Based in Canberra, Australia, she was previously an associate professor in physics at the Australian National University.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips. And here’s our email: [email protected].

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The post Trump’s Crackdown on Chinese Students Ignores a Startling New Reality appeared first on New York Times.

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