Several gun rights groups filed a lawsuit to dismantle what is left of the National Firearms Act (NFA) shortly after U.S. President Donald Trump signed his package of tax breaks and spending cuts into law on Friday.
The legislation reduced the NFA’s excise tax on suppressors, short-barreled rifles, short-barreled shotguns and any other weapons to $0.
Gun Owners of America (GOA) and other plaintiffs argue in the lawsuit—which they have dubbed the “One Big Beautiful Lawsuit”—that the Supreme Court had upheld the NFA as a tax statute and the constitutional justification for it no longer applies once the tax is eliminated.
Newsweek has contacted the Department of Justice and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives—which are listed as defendants in the lawsuit—for comment via a contact form on the DOJ’s website and email.
The Context
The National Firearms Act was first enacted in 1934 to regulates firearms considered the most dangerous and crack down on gangland crime in the Prohibition era.
The law had imposed a $200 tax on machine guns and shotguns and rifles with barrels shorter than 18 inches, and also required the federal registration of these types of firearms.
Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act eliminates the $200 fee that gun owners are charged when purchasing silencers and short-barreled rifles, but it remains in effect for machine guns and explosive devices.
What To Know
In a press release on Thursday, Gun Owners of America said its team had been “working behind the scenes” with lawmakers since the November election to repeal the NFA fully.
The group said congressional Republicans had allowed “an unelected bureaucrat” to block the provision. GOA added that Congress ultimately “settled for reducing the NFA’s $200 excise tax to $0 on suppressors, short-barreled rifles, short-barreled shotguns, and any other weapons or AOWs—teeing up GOA’s legal challenge.”
GOA also said it has also long argued that the NFA’s registration mandates “violate the Second Amendment and are an unconstitutional overreach of federal power.”
The authors of the NFA “left no doubt that the NFA was an exercise of the taxing power, and the Supreme Court upheld it on that basis,” says the lawsuit, which was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas.
“But the NFA no longer imposes any tax on the vast majority of firearms it purports to regulate. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which Congress and the President enacted on July 4, 2025, zeros the manufacture and transfer tax on nearly all NFA-regulated firearms. That means the constitutional foundation on which the NFA rested has dissolved. And the NFA cannot be upheld under any other Article I power. With respect to the untaxed firearms, the Act is now unconstitutional.”
What People Are Saying
Erich Pratt, senior vice president of GOA, said in a statement: “This is a once-in-a-generation opportunity to dismantle one of the most abusive federal gun control laws on the books. With the tax struck down by Congress, the rest of the NFA is standing on air. We’re ready to take this fight to the courts and finally end the federal registry once and for all.”
Sam Paredes said in a statement on behalf of the board for Gun Owners Foundation: “The Supreme Court has made clear that the NFA survives only as a tax law. Once the President signs this bill and the tax disappears, the registry becomes an unconstitutional relic. GOF is prepared to go to court and challenge every remaining provision that violates the Second Amendment.”
Representative Mike Thompson, a Democrat and chairman of the House Gun Violence Prevention Task Force, wrote on X, formerly Twitter, on Wednesday: “Congressional Republicans are giving a handout to the gun lobby by eliminating the $200 tax on silencers and easily concealable short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns. We’ve regulated silencers and these guns for 90+ years for a reason: to keep people safe.”
Emma Brown, the executive director of GIFFORDS, an organization focused on preventing gun violence, said in a statement this week: “Almost 100 years of precedent has kept silencers and short-barreled firearms out of easy reach for criminals. But with this bill, Republicans are laying the groundwork to gut safeguards that stopped criminals from getting these deadly weapons. This vote is proof that the ‘law and order’ rhetoric Donald Trump has pushed for years rings hollow. In siding with the gun industry CEOs, he has handed criminals a win, and communities will suffer the deadly consequences.”
What Happens Next
The lawsuit asks the court to declare that the NFA’s registration and transfer requirements pertaining to untaxed firearms “exceed Congress’s enumerated powers” and block the defendants from “implementing, enforcing, or otherwise acting under the authority of the NFA with respect to untaxed firearms.”
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