European leaders vowed to redouble their support for Ukraine on Wednesday, amid fears that President Trump could stop or cut back on sharing military intelligence with Ukraine in its war with Russia.
Mr. Zelensky said on Tuesday that his country had received no early warning from its security partners of Russian missile attacks on Monday night and again on Tuesday night. That raised concerns that the United States might have followed through on an apparent threat to halt intelligence like satellite data that can warn of missile launches.
But security officials in several countries, including the United States and Ukraine, said critical American intelligence was continuing. When asked about it on Tuesday, Mr. Trump said, “We are helping them, and we are sharing intel.”
A spokesman for the Ukrainian Air Force, Yurii Ihnat, said on Wednesday that Ukraine had received no warning for one set of Tuesday night strikes, but did get warning for the “next three waves of attacks.”
President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine arrived in London on Wednesday for an audience with King Charles III and a meeting with Prime Minister Andy Burnham, who is expected to promise harsher sanctions on Russia and accelerated military and economic support, including a new batch of air-defense missiles that have been effective against Russian drones.
“Our rock-solid support to Ukraine is vital for keeping us safe here in the U.K. and ensuring those on the front lines have the equipment they need to push back Russia,” Mr. Burnham said, according to a statement released by 10 Downing Street.
Mark Rutte, the NATO secretary general, said at a news conference in Estonia: “Putin is trying to weaken our resolve and stop our support for Ukraine. But Russia is failing. It is failing on the battlefield in Ukraine. And we will not be intimidated.”
Mr. Rutte, a former prime minister of the Netherlands, added, “Allies need to do more, especially in support of air defense” for Ukraine.
After Mr. Trump made a deal to import diesel fuel from Russia, a potential windfall for the Kremlin, his aides asked Ukraine to refrain from attacks on Russia’s oil refineries. Ukrainian officials interpreted what they heard from the Trump administration as a threat to halt intelligence aid.
The absence of warning about the recent attacks appeared to reinforce that view, as did the sudden cutoff on Wednesday of Ukraine’s access to a military version of the Starlink satellite communications system. The system, paid for by the Pentagon, that has been vital to Ukrainian military operations. The loss of that access has not been explained.
The prospect of a disruption in the security relationship with the United States — which has enabled Ukraine to attack Russia with precision and defend against incoming missiles and drones — rattled European officials, nearly five years into the war.
Verbal clashes between Mr. Trump and Mr. Zelensky in recent days have further frayed nerves, raising concern about how Ukraine could continue to defend itself against Russia if it were to lose U.S. intelligence.
Russia struck Ukraine’s energy infrastructure heavily overnight, causing significant damage to 26 power-grid facilities and four oil and gas facilities. At least 600,000 people were left without power, according to officials in Ukraine.
Britain has a sophisticated intelligence operation and works with the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand as part of the Five Eyes alliance. However, America’s capabilities dwarf the others and would be particularly hard for Ukraine to lose, according to security officials.
“The precision, detail and timeliness of intelligence from the United States is noteworthy,” Robert B. Murrett, the former director of the U.S. National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, said in an interview on Wednesday.
The United States would typically share information about targets inside Russia, said Mr. Murrett, a retired Navy vice admiral who now teaches at Syracuse University. Other European countries, including Poland and the Baltic States, also share “a fair amount of intelligence” with Ukraine, he added.
Mr. Murrett doubted that the U.S. intelligence community would pull its support from Ukraine. “The current leadership of the United States intelligence community and our allies is very anti-Russian,” he said.
“That’s not to say the White House couldn’t overrule them,” he continued. “But the principal leadership of the U.S. intelligence community does not have a warm place in their hearts for Putin and his leadership in the Kremlin.”
Thomas Withington, a military analyst at the Royal United Services Institute in London, said the capabilities of European intelligence agencies “are pretty good” but said the information they share can be fragmented, or duplicated, depending on how highly classified an individual nation deems it. That can also slow down intelligence being shared, he said.
“It’s not impossible for Europeans to replicate the signals intelligence and sharing that the U.S. does,” Mr. Withington said. “But obviously, having that additional backstop from the U.S., that additional capability, brings it more intelligence heft. So that’s why it’s very important.”
Michael Schwirtz contributed reporting from London and Constant Méheut from Kyiv.
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