Simmering turmoil over the future of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts boiled over on Tuesday as the center abruptly closed to the public and President Trump threatened to cancel a planned $257 million renovation if his name was not returned to the front of the building.
Allies of Mr. Trump have been pushing for months to close the center for major renovations and to honor the president by affixing his name to its marble facade. A federal judge has blocked both efforts.
On Tuesday, the center aggressively tested the judge’s order not to close by shutting its doors in what officials called an emergency action designed to protect people from deteriorating conditions inside the building. Shortly after 4:30 p.m., employees heard a sudden notice on the P.A. system: “The center is now closed to the public. Please exit the center by way of the Hall of States.”
By the evening, security guards stationed outside entrances to the main lobby were turning people away. One officer said the building had just closed.
The Kennedy Center said in a statement that an immediate temporary closure of the building was necessary for safety reasons but that an extended closure would begin once the court gives its approval. Earlier on Tuesday, the center’s Trump-allied board voted — for a third time — to close the building, citing a recent incident in which a five-foot-long section of ceiling plaster fell amid a storm.
But lawyers for Representative Joyce Beatty, a Democratic ex officio board member whose lawsuit is at the center of the court battle, signaled that they would view any closure as in direct conflict with a court order.
“If true,” the lawyers, Norm Eisen and Nathaniel Zelinsky, said in a statement, “it would appear a direct violation of the court’s order and courting contempt.”
Earlier on Tuesday, Judge Christopher R. Cooper barred the center from honoring Mr. Trump with an inscription on the institution’s exterior. He ruled it would violate his previous order that blocked the board from renaming the center.
“Simply put, defendants cannot install memorials for President Trump or anyone or anything else at the Kennedy Center without Congress’s blessing,” Judge Cooper wrote. “The board resolution bucks a federal court order and a statute Congress enacted.”
The Kennedy Center quickly filed a notice of appeal, and Mr. Trump responded on social media with a stark ultimatum. If an appeals court does not agree to allow his name back on the building, he said in the post, he would block the renovation of the center that he has been championing for more than a year.
“If the ruling is a negative one, which it should not be, and is not overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court,” he said in the post, “the Reconstruction and the Renovation of The Kennedy Center will not take place.”
He also said the building would close “immediately.”
Such a decision means less than it did months ago, when the center’s main building still hosted musicals, orchestral programs and other performances. The center’s programming schedule has been largely bare since July, when it was initially slated to close, leaving a mostly empty building.
Judge Cooper has ruled that the center must be maintained as a living memorial to Kennedy, and he has yet to ratify the center’s plan, approved by the board last month, to close the main building while keeping open a smaller offshoot of the center known as the Reach.
The White House declined to comment.
For weeks, Mr. Trump’s allies have suggested that the president’s continued commitment to the Kennedy Center was contingent on some conspicuous acknowledgment on the center’s exterior. A recent draft resolution submitted to board members said the center was at risk of bankruptcy but could be saved by fund-raising by Mr. Trump — if he were to receive “appropriate recognition.”
Mr. Trump’s made that quid pro quo even more clear in his social media post on Tuesday. It said that $17 million raised by the president had been put into the center’s account “to keep it afloat.”
The post followed a day of rage directed at those blocking his agenda for the Kennedy Center. Shortly before the judge’s ruling was publicly released, Mr. Trump declared on social media that the center was in a “virtual state of collapse.” He called Judge Cooper “very hostile and conflicted” and predicted that the building was “destined to doom” unless it was allowed to close.
Mr. Trump continued those arguments during a virtual board meeting on Tuesday afternoon, where he got into a bitter argument with Ms. Beatty, according to two people familiar with the meeting. They said that Mr. Trump and Ms. Beatty, who have been at odds in court for months, traded personal attacks: The president said the congresswoman had “never built anything” in her life, while Ms. Beatty called Trump “ignorant” and blamed him for the center’s financial problems.
The center first affixed the president’s name to the building in December after the board voted to recognize his role in securing $257 million from Congress for the sweeping renovation project.
In May, Judge Cooper ruled that the renaming was unlawful and could only be decided by Congress, which had authorized the creation of the center and its dedication to Kennedy. The judge ordered the letters spelling out the president’s name removed from the marble.
As it pursued an appeal, the center complied, installing a towering matrix of scaffolding covered in tarps that obscured much of the signage and is still up.
Last month its board voted to restore Mr. Trump’s name in a different form. The resolution approved by the board proposed an inscription under the building’s main signage that would read “renovated and restored by President Donald J. Trump.”
Calling the decision “linguistic gymnastics,” the judge wrote that the new inscription would violate his previous order, as would a proposal to rename the center’s grounds the “President Donald J. Trump Plaza.”
The board’s attempt to inscribe Mr. Trump’s name was met with furious objections from Democratic lawmakers, including Ms. Beatty, whose lawyers called the effort a “breathtaking act of defiance” and asked the judge to block the center from adding the inscription.
“Legal sanity has once again prevailed over Trump’s vanity,” Ms. Beatty’s lawyers said in a statement following the order on Tuesday.
Kennedy Center officials and Justice Department lawyers have presented the inscription as crucial to rehabilitating the center, which they have said is in financial disarray and physical disrepair.
“An order blocking the board from appropriately recognizing President Trump will cause donors to flee, financial contributions to dry up, and structural rehabilitation to stop,” Justice Department lawyers wrote in court papers. “There will simply not be the expertise or funding necessary to rebuild and renovate this decimated structure.”
Lawyers for Ms. Beatty have characterized Mr. Trump’s position as effectively “taking the center hostage.” Since the president took control of the institution at the start of his second term, it has seen waves of cancellations by artists, plummeting attendance by audiences and withdrawal of support from some donors.
The board’s decision to recognize Mr. Trump with an inscription was an effort to find a workaround to a provision in the federal law governing the Kennedy Center that says “no additional memorials or plaques in the nature of memorials shall be designated or installed in the public areas.”
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has yet to rule on whether Mr. Trump’s name can be restored to the center — a pending decision that Mr. Trump referred to on social media and could ultimately be appealed up to the Supreme Court.
At the center’s board meeting on Tuesday, trustees discussed the incident this month in which a plaster fell from the ceiling of the center’s Grand Foyer during a storm. A memo from the center’s executive director, Matt Floca, that was distributed to trustees attributed the incident to persistent problems with “water infiltration.” The board resolution approved by members described the building as “unsafe for continued occupancy.”
The court had temporarily blocked the center from carrying out its initial decision to close the building after finding that board members had been “derelict” in considering the president’s closure plan before approving it. At a court hearing on Tuesday morning, Justice Department lawyers said they would formally ask Judge Cooper to lift that order so the center can close the building, but they had yet to do so when the doors closed hours later.
The center plans to put on limited programming at the smaller offshoot of the center, called the Reach, and to host marquee events, such as the Kennedy Center Honors, at a different location.
At the court hearing, William S. Jankowski, a Justice Department lawyer, said it was possible that the center could end up approaching bankruptcy if it continued to operate with reduced revenue.
Judge Cooper asked if it was possible for a charitable trust to declare bankruptcy, but the Justice Department lawyers did not have an answer.
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