Britain, Canada and Australia confirmed on Sunday that they now formally recognize Palestinian statehood, piling pressure on Israel to ease the humanitarian crisis in Gaza but putting three major Western allies at odds with the Trump administration.
The seemingly coordinated announcements came on the eve of the annual gathering of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, at which France and Portugal are also expected to vote for recognition of Palestinian statehood.
The concerted action will deepen the diplomatic isolation of Israel’s prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu. But so far, it has done little to curb his military campaign against Hamas, which has killed tens of thousands of people in Gaza and left much of the enclave in ruins.
Britain’s prime minister, Keir Starmer, waited to act until after President Trump’s state visit last week to Britain, during which Mr. Trump said he disagreed with the move, preferring to focus on securing the release of the hostages held by Hamas militants.
“I have a disagreement with the prime minister on that score,” Mr. Trump said at a news conference with Mr. Starmer on Thursday, although he added, “One of our few disagreements, actually.”
When Mr. Starmer announced Britain’s plans in late July, he said a final decision would hinge on multiple conditions. Israel, he said, must address the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, sign up to a cease-fire agreement with Hamas to secure the release of hostages, and pursue long-term peace with the Palestinians, based on a two-state solution.
Since then, Israel has bombed Hamas leaders in Qatar, the Persian Gulf state that has been the site of cease-fire negotiations, making any agreement more elusive than ever. Far from scaling back, Israeli troops have expanded their combat operations, advancing on Gaza’s main urban center, Gaza City.
For Mr. Starmer, who worked as a human-rights lawyer before entering politics, the decision has nevertheless been an anguished balancing act. He has tried to avoid daylight between Britain and the United States on issues like trade and the war in Ukraine. But Gaza poses moral and political challenges.
In his news conference with Mr. Trump, Mr. Starmer sought to put the move in the context of other steps, including pushing for the release of hostages and reviving negotiations for the creation of a Palestinian state. Recognition, he said, was “part of the overall package, which hopefully takes us from the appalling situation we’re in now.”
When a reporter from Fox News accused the prime minister of waiting for Mr. Trump to leave Britain before announcing the decision, Mr. Starmer responded with an impassioned denunciation of Hamas, which got him an approving tap on the shoulder from Mr. Trump, who said, “That’s good.”
Mr. Starmer noted that members of his extended family lived in Israel (his British-born wife, Victoria, is Jewish). “I understand, firsthand, the psychological impact” of the Hamas attacks against Israeli civilians and soldiers in October 2023, he said. “So, I know exactly where I stand in relation to Hamas.”
Domestic politics played a part in Mr. Starmer’s decision as well. Pressure to do more has swelled within the ranks of his Labour Party, as well as in the broader public, as harrowing images and videos of suffering Palestinians have been broadcast online and in the news media.
“The U.K. government will hope that this buys them an extended period of quiet without having to take further moves,” said Daniel Levy, who runs the U.S./Middle East Project, a research institute in London and New York. “But if Israel’s actions continue to be as egregious, aggressive and criminal as is currently the case, then that is highly unlikely to play out.”
“The U.K., along with others, will be under the spotlight of ‘What has recognition changed?’” added Mr. Levy, who once worked as a peace negotiator for Israel. “The answer will be nothing, and pressure will again intensify to take more consequential measures.”
He and other critics fault the British government for not having done more already. Britain has stopped short of accusing Israel of genocide, despite calls to do so by Labour members of Parliament and legal experts. And while it has suspended some weapons sales to Israel, it continues to supply parts for F-35 fighter jets, used by the Israeli Air Force in strikes on Gaza.
The government issued sanctions on two far-right ministers in Mr. Netanyahu’s cabinet: Itamar Ben-Gvir, the security minister, and Bezalel Smotrich, the finance minister. Downing Street also signaled it could arrest Mr. Netanyahu if he entered Britain, pledging to fulfill its “legal obligations as set out by domestic law and indeed international law.” The International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for him last November.
Britain’s actions have chilled relations with Israel, with Mr. Netanyahu showing particular anger at the plan to recognize Palestine.
The move rewards “Hamas monstrous terrorism & punishes its victims,” Mr. Netanyahu said in a post on social media in July. “A jihadist state on Israel’s border TODAY will threaten Britain TOMORROW. ”
Mark Landler is the London bureau chief of The Times, covering the United Kingdom, as well as American foreign policy in Europe, Asia and the Middle East. He has been a journalist for more than three decades.
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