A federal judge in Texas on Wednesday blocked a two decade-old law offering undocumented residents the same discounted tuition as other in-state college students, after the Trump administration and the Texas attorney general joined together to argue the measure violated federal law.
The one-page order, signed by Judge Reed O’Connor of the Northern District of Texas, came just hours after the federal government filed suit challenging the Texas law. Soon after, Attorney General Ken Paxton of Texas said he would not oppose the lawsuit. Instead, his office filed a joint motion with the Justice Department asking the judge to permanently block the law.
With the parties in agreement, Judge O’Connor, who was appointed by President George W. Bush, quickly did so, signing the order that declared the law “invalid.”
“In-state tuition for illegal immigrants in Texas has ended,” Gov. Greg Abbott declared in a social media post late Wednesday.
The lawsuit had come as a surprise given that the Republican-dominated state has been more than willing to cooperate with the Trump administration on its strict approach to immigration enforcement. The case was filed in the Northern District of Texas and carried a title more familiar to legal fights over immigration during the Biden administration: United States of America v. State of Texas.
But the decision by Mr. Paxton, a hard line conservative, to side with the Trump administration was not a shock. It aligned with his approach to immigration, and with his politics — even if Republicans in the state legislature had just opted against changing the law in the just-ended legislative session.
Mr. Paxton is currently locked in a fierce campaign to unseat Senator John Cornyn in the state’s Republican primary next year, based in large part on the attorney general’s aggressive enforcement of immigration laws.
“Ending this discriminatory and un-American provision is a major victory for Texas,” Mr. Paxton said in a statement announcing the joint motion with the Justice Department.
The Texas law, known as the Texas Dream Act of 2001, was championed by governor at the time, Rick Perry. He continued to defend the action during his failed 2012 presidential run, saying those opposed it did not “have a heart.”
But Republican Party has moved considerably to the right on immigration since then.
“Under federal law, schools cannot provide benefits to illegal aliens that they do not provide to U.S. citizens,” Attorney General Pam Bondi said in a statement, pledging that the Justice Department would “ensure that U.S. citizens are not treated like second-class citizens.”
Texas was the first state in the nation to extend in-state tuition benefits to undocumented students, according to the National Immigration Forum, an immigrant rights nonprofit. The savings can be substantial. At the University of Texas’ flagship campus in Austin, in-state students pay a minimum of about $10,800 for tuition a year, while the minimum cost for out-of-state student is about $40,500.
Now nearly half the states offer undocumented applicants similar deals, but they are mostly led by Democrats, according to the Higher Ed Immigration Portal, which gathers education data. In Texas, there are tens of thousands of undocumented students in higher education, and many of them were brought into the country as young children and attended American public schools, according to the group’s data.
In April, President Trump took aim at such students with an executive order targeting laws “that provide in-state higher education tuition to aliens but not to out-of-state American citizens.”
The order directed Ms. Bondi to “identify and take appropriate action to stop the enforcement” of such laws. The action appeared aimed at blue states such as California.
But suddenly, on Wednesday, Texas was in the cross hairs.
The state’s Republican lawmakers had considered changing the law during this year’s legislative session, which ended on Monday. A bill introduced in the State Senate by a Houston-area Republican, Mayes Middleton, would have made undocumented students ineligible for in-state tuition, but it never received a full vote. A similar measure also failed in the State House.
“The Texas House and Senate declined to repeal the Texas Dream Act this session because even state lawmakers recognized how out of touch that would be,” State Representative Ramón Romero Jr., a Democrat and the chairman of the Mexican American Legislative Caucus, said in a statement. “Now Donald Trump is pushing the issue even further by suing Texas for giving these students a fair shot.”
Mr. Perry did not immediately respond to a request for comment, but in a 2014 interview he said it was in the best interest of the state of Texas “to give these young people the opportunity to be givers rather than takers, to be a constructive part of this society.”
The law applies to undocumented students who have finished three years of high school in Texas and have lived in the state for the year before enrolling in a public college or university. The students must also sign an affidavit saying they intend to apply for permanent residency as soon as they are able.
The Justice Department argues, in its complaint, that a federal immigration law from 1996 restricts the state’s authority to grant that kind of benefit to “illegal aliens.”
Mr. Paxton’s office, in its joint motion with the Justice Department, said it agreed that the federal law pre-empted the state law.
The Texas law recently survived a case in federal court brought by a conservative group, Young Conservatives of Texas Foundation, against administrators at the University of North Texas over the school’s tuition policy.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit dismissed the case in 2023, but focused its attention on the validity of charging out-of-state students more than in-state students, not on whether the state could grant in-state tuition to undocumented students.
The order signed by Judge O’Connor on Wednesday said the parts of the law granting in-state tuition to undocumented students “violate the Supremacy Clause and are unconstitutional and invalid.” He did not offer an explanation.
J. David Goodman is the Houston bureau chief for The Times, reporting on Texas and Oklahoma.
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