Turbulent trading hit financial markets on Monday, with investors selling U.S. stocks and bonds and the dollar, an ugly combination that suggests sentiment is souring on the outlook for the economy.
One factor jarring markets is a bill in Congress that would make President Trump’s signature 2017 tax cuts permanent and could add trillions of dollars to federal debt. A House committee voted to approve the bill on Sunday night, although it was expected to remain a focus of contentious congressional debate.
The United States’ loss of its last triple-A credit rating late on Friday and mounting concerns about government debt have threatened to disrupt the relative calm in markets that has prevailed since Mr. Trump paused many of his tariffs in recent weeks.
U.S. stock futures indicated that markets would decline more than 1 percent when they begin trading in the United States on Monday morning. Stocks gained last week when investors reacted positively to an agreement to pause the steepest U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods.
Stocks in Asia and Europe were also broadly lower on Monday.
Bond markets shuddered, with the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield jumping a tenth of a point, a large move in that market, to 4.54 percent. The 30-year rose even more, hitting its highest level in a year and a half, above 5 percent. Yields move inversely to prices.
In downgrading the U.S. credit rating, Moody’s cited the tax cut legislation along with broader concerns about the fiscal deficit and growing debt costs. The move by Moody’s means that all three major rating agencies no longer consider the United States qualified for their top credit ratings.
The U.S. credit rating downgrade and worries about debt could further upset financial markets if they begin to shake the safe-haven status of Treasury bonds. That would likely spur global investors to demand higher premiums in return for buying U.S. debt.
“The combination of diminished appetite to buy U.S. assets and the rigidity of a U.S. fiscal process that locks in very high deficits is what is making the market very nervous,” George Saravelos, the global head of foreign exchange research at Deutsche Bank, wrote in a note on Monday.
In recent days, analysts at Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan Chase have raised their forecasts for how high U.S. yields will go this year. In part, the analysts said that the pause on the steepest tariffs would help bolster economic growth and also keep inflation running high enough to keep the Federal Reserve from cutting interest rates as soon or as deeply as previously predicted.
Higher rates tend to push up the value of the U.S. dollar, but the currency slid on Monday against other major currencies like the euro and yen. That suggested investors may be turning against the United States in general, an echo of the market turmoil last month when spiking yields, falling stocks and a sinking dollar raised questions about the “safe haven” status of U.S. assets.
That episode prompted Mr. Trump to pause so-called reciprocal tariffs, even though he and his advisers had previously dismissed other signs of market unease as they pushed ahead with sweeping tariffs.
Anxious investors on Monday also pushed up the price of gold, long a refuge during times of market stress, by nearly 2 percent.
River Akira Davis covers Japan for The Times, including its economy and businesses, and is based in Tokyo.
Jason Karaian is the business news director, based in London. He was previously the editor of DealBook.
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