The new tattoo may be of an unfurling script, a bold geometric sleeve or a funny illustration. Perhaps it is your first, or joins a medley: inked in honor of a person, place or the spirit of self-expression.
Getting a tattoo is less fringe than it once was: About 32 percent of American adults have at least one, according to a 2023 Pew Research Center survey. But while tattoos are more widely accepted, advice on caring for them can be conflicting.
The confusion begins as soon as the artist puts down the machine. Some use a classic plastic wrap as a cover to protect your brand-new ink, while others opt for newer dressings. One recommendation is to wash tattoos immediately after returning home, using an antibacterial soap. Another is to wait a few days before washing with a milder, fragrance-free soap.
Then there are the ointment options: recommendations include options from Vaseline and Aquaphor, natural oils and butters, and diaper rash creams to a market of products geared specifically toward tattoo healing.
It can all be bewildering.
“Every customer hears information from somewhere, and it can always be wrong,” said Will Dozer, the owner of The Electric Paintbrush, a tattoo shop in North London.
Though there is some research into tattoo care, dermatologists say that it is not extensive. Without widespread, standardized guidelines for aftercare, customers often rely on advice from individual tattoo artists, friends or online research.
“There seems to be a lot of misinformation out there,” said Naresh Bhana, the owner of Flamin’ Eight, a tattoo shop in London. “We owe it to our clients to help them through that process as best we can.”
Gentle washing, twice daily
Your health history, the size of your new tattoo and where it is on your body can all affect healing, according to artists and dermatologists.
But everyone agrees that it’s important to keep the area clean, especially early in the healing process, which can take two to four weeks.
When a tattoo is made, needles drive ink particles through the skin’s top layer and into the dermis below, leaving little open wounds that can act as “micro-channels,” said Dr. Deborah S. Sarnoff, a clinical professor of dermatology at New York University.
“It’s not unusual for those wounds to ooze and ink to come out — and you don’t want bacteria, virus or fungus going in,” she said, adding that for around 48 hours, the wound is especially vulnerable to infections. That means no swimming in the ocean, hot tubs, pools or anywhere that could introduce pathogens. (Perhaps rethink that tattoo right before, or during, your vacation to the beach.)
Some artists recommend washing a new tattoo a few hours after your appointment, to clear it of any ink and plasma buildup. But Dr. Sarnoff advises leaving a dressing on and not washing the tattoo for about two days. After that, she says, wash your own hands first before cleansing the area around twice daily.
“You want it to be a very gentle soap — preferably unscented, preferably fragrance-free,” she said.
“No scrubbing, no picking of scabs, no pulling them off,” said Dr. Bruce Robinson, a board-certified dermatologist in New York City. “Gently soaking. Whatever comes off comes off with just regular soap and water.”
But even the choice of soap can be polarizing. Some tattoo artists recommend antibacterial soap to prevent infection. Others, like Mr. Bhana, say those are too harsh: “You really want to use something that is absolutely mild and pH neutral as absolutely possible.”
Whatever you use, keep it moist but don’t overdo it.
Keeping a wound moist gives it the best chance of healing well and without scarring, according to dermatologists. But unless it’s infected, they advise skipping the antibiotic creams and specialized products in favor of a classic: petrolatum, or petroleum jelly, which is commonly sold as Vaseline.
“Vaseline is better than pretty much anything else because there’s nothing in it that would cause a reaction,” said Dr. Robinson, adding that scents and other ingredients like preservatives could cause an allergic reaction.
Tattoo artists will often send their clients home with petrolatum-based products like Aquaphor or A+D ointment and tell them to switch to a lighter lotion after several days. But unlike dermatologists, many of the artists say that personal experience has taught them a tattoo needs air to heal, and caution against petrolatum-based products.
Since Lal Hardy opened his London studio over 40 years ago, products for tattoo aftercare have multiplied, he said. Mr. Hardy often recommends cocoa butter, or an unscented, hypoallergenic moisturizer easily found in drugstores. “They just seem simple to use for people, which is what you want,” he said.
Mr. Hardy recommends a thin layer of cream in between washes, but warns against overdoing it, adding that tattoos need air to heal. “If people keep putting cream over cream, the air never gets to the tattoo,” he said.
Skin care companies and even some tattoo studios, eager to provide alternatives, are also adding specialized products to the tattoo aftercare market. Bang Bang Tattoo, a New York City studio with celebrity clients, currently advises using Aquaphor. Soon, it will offer its own petrochemical-free aftercare brand, the result of a yearslong effort with input from dermatologists and artists, they said.
“Petrochemicals actually can clog your pores, and then your wound cannot heal,” said Bella Carino, the chief operating officer for the line, Forever Care. “Making it petrochemical free was super, super important to us.”
Dermatologists say there is there is no solid evidence that points to any product over Vaseline. “Maybe they want to sell you their own products,” Dr. Sarnoff said of tattoo artists, though she noted that tattooists had the most firsthand experience of the healing process.
“If they think petrolatum is a no-no, then you’ve got to choose something else, some kind of an oil,” she said. “But you’ve got to keep it moist.”
Just be patient.
It may take several weeks or longer, depending on the size of the tattoo, but once the skin is smooth, your tattoo is healed. Using sunscreen on the fresh tattoo can keep it looking crisp for longer.
Dermatologists say that patients who consult them after getting a tattoo commonly do so because they develop an allergy to the ink, experience raised scarring, or simply regret their choice. If the healing process begins to lag, Dr. Sarnoff said, seek a board-certified dermatologist for an opinion.
“It’s not like a haircut,” she said, likening the process to a medical procedure and cautioning people to do their research. “They need to be aware of the downsides and what could go wrong.”
Many artists said that with proper application and aftercare, tattoos should heal without any issue. If problems emerge, most advise returning first to your artist to discuss next steps.
Whatever ointment, soap or dressing you choose, there is no shortcut to healing. “You cannot make it heal quicker than the body will naturally heal it,” Mr. Hardy said. “Let your body do the work, and it will be fine.”
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