By the time that former President Donald J. Trump joined TikTok in June, conservative content was flourishing on the social media platform, known for its grip on young people.
Mr. Trump’s TikTok account is part of an online conservative ecosystem characterized partly by videos, streams and messaging that rail against traditional institutions and promote a cultural ideology that pushes back on social movements supporting different gender identities and diversity, equity and inclusion. That environment has had an effect on many voters, particularly members of Generation Z, for whom Mr. Trump has been a consistent presence on presidential ballots since they became eligible to vote.
The appetite for conservative-leaning content online inspired CJ Pearson, 21 and a chairman of the Republican National Committee’s Youth Advisory Council, to develop a digital initiative called Influence America. It will involve a network of people popular on the right who will share Republican Party messaging on platforms like TikTok and Instagram before the 2024 election. He plans to introduce Influence America in August.
“People follow people,” said Mr. Pearson, a veteran of the youth-focused conservative platform PragerU. “They don’t follow organizations; they don’t follow parties.”
Historical voting patterns have shown that more young Americans are on the left or in the center of the political spectrum. But some recent polls, including one released in July by The New York Times and Siena College, have shown Mr. Trump making inroads with registered voters under 30. Other polls have shown that trust in traditional media, which is low with voters of all ages, is exceptionally poor among young voters.
To better understand what is resonating with young conservatives online, The New York Times asked 30 people between the ages of 18 and 30, all of whom identify as right-leaning, about the content they consume and the accounts they follow on social media.
Their answers reflected a preference for individuals who make bold and sometimes biased statements rooted in cultural and religious beliefs. While many expressed skepticism of the mainstream media, some said that they relied on legacy outlets’ coverage of breaking news for information about events before going to their preferred sources for opinions.
Katherine Mickelson, 19, of Sioux Falls, S.D., said that she would consult The Times, The Wall Street Journal or The Associated Press before seeking the accounts of people like Matt Walsh and Brett Cooper, conservative commentators for The Daily Wire, and Riley Gaines, a former University of Kentucky swimmer who sued the N.C.A.A. after it allowed transgender women to participate in women’s college sports.
Even though some of the accounts Ms. Mickelson follows online belong to people who cover politics, she sees the content they share as different from mainstream coverage. For instance, she appreciates that Mr. Walsh of The Daily Wire “says outright, This is what I believe, and this is probably how it’s going to be biased in his way,” she said. (Among other positions, Mr. Walsh is known for taking an aggressive stance against L.G.B.T.Q. rights.)
“Whereas other media sources will tell you they’re not biased, nonpartisan,” added Ms. Mickelson, who is a student at Baylor University. “But clearly there are biases, and they do lean different ways.”
Nolan Jackett, a 21-year-old electrician in Richfield, Wis., also follows staff members at The Daily Wire, a media company whose founders include the right-wing pundit Ben Shapiro. He finds what they share “less scripted, more legitimately relatable” and “generally more conservative” than content from mainstream right-wing media personalities.
Leona Salinas, 19, who lives near Uvalde, Texas, said she liked how Ms. Cooper, 22 and the host of The Daily Wire’s video series “The Comments Section,” critiqued progressive stances on social issues like diversity and abortion. “She says what everybody is thinking and is too afraid to say,” said Ms. Salinas, a student at Texas State University.
Alex Mahadevan, who works to debunk misinformation as the director of MediaWise at the Poynter Institute, a nonpartisan nonprofit organization, said young people’s increased trust in the online chattering class rather than in the mainstream media was a problem because content creators, unlike most journalists, “are bound by no journalistic ethics.” That pertains to people across the political spectrum: Hasan Piker, a popular left-leaning streamer on Twitch and YouTube, “shares as much misinformation as anyone on the right,” he added.
Mr. Mahadevan said the preference for content that affirmed beliefs stemmed from what he called a core human desire: the need for validation. “Confirmation bias and motivated reasoning are so powerful in humans,” he said. “We want to believe the facts that confirm what we think.”
Mr. Mahadevan added that the way some people selectively consumed mainstream news was exemplified after the shooting of Mr. Trump at a campaign rally in Pennsylvania on Saturday.
“Think about the most powerful image that came out of the event, and that is Trump bloody with his fist in the air with the American flag in the background,” he said. “That was taken by an A.P. photographer. The A.P. is, like, the most traditional mainstream media.” But that hasn’t stopped people who claim to distrust the mainstream media from “taking that image and sharing it far and wide and saying this is the hardest image ever,” Mr. Mahadevan added.
Lucy Cox, 20, of from Claremont, Calif., said she rarely saw examples of conservative women while growing up. That’s partly why she was drawn to Ms. Cooper of The Daily Wire and to Isabel Brown, a Gen Z streamer affiliated with the youth-focused conservative organization Turning Point USA.
“I feel like there’s a lot of pushback with females being Republican,” Ms. Cox said. In a Gallup study released in March, only 21 percent of participating women between the ages of 18 and 29 identified as conservative, while 37 percent identified as moderate and 40 percent as liberal.
Ms. Cox valued the fact that Ms. Cooper and Ms. Brown often addressed less directly political topics, like relationships. Both have given attention to the concept of tradwives, shorthand for traditional wives, which is based on the thinking that a woman’s place is in the home; Ms. Brown has also criticized hormonal birth control.
Ms. Cox, a student at the University of California, Berkeley, is not a fan of so-called situationships, a term for relationships without clear terms, or the rise of hookup culture, in which casual relationships are prioritized over meaningful ones. The women she follows online “bring a lot of attention to it and say, ‘Guys, this is not normal,’” Ms. Cox said. “That really resonates with me.”
Tristin Lollar, 22, of Jasper, Ala., said he followed people online who didn’t shy away from sharing content that “rides the edge” of acceptable political discourse. They include John Doyle, a YouTube host who was involved in efforts to overturn the 2020 election results, and Daniel Harris, a YouTube streamer known as the Rageaholic who has called the “narrative” of the Jan. 6 Capitol attack “a myth.”
Mr. Lollar said he appreciated that both were “expressing their true beliefs, no matter how problematic that may be.” He added that he did not want the Fox News pundit Sean Hannity, or the CNN news anchor Jake Tapper, to tell him what he should think.
But Mr. Lollar, who is starting law school at the University of Alabama this fall, said that he also believed President Biden won the 2020 election. He said he knew that some of the right-wing accounts he followed had shared information that was not fact-checked.
“It does fall under free speech,” he said, acknowledging an argument often used to justify commentary that is divisive and not based in facts. “But on the other end of the spectrum, it’s like, shouldn’t you be more responsible knowing that you have an audience full of people who are very impressionable?”
Mr. Lollar hopes that the attempted assassination on Mr. Trump “serves as a wake-up call for alternative media outlets and creators to refrain from incendiary rhetoric,” he said, and that it will encourage “peaceful dialogue between all sides going forward.” Other young conservatives echoed these sentiments.
Ebo Entsuah, 30, of Clermont, Fla., said he looked for nuanced content in a media ecosystem full of polarization and hot takes. “I look for somebody who’s not just trying to ‘own the libs,’” he said, naming Brad Polumbo, a gay, right-leaning commentator who identifies as libertarian, as among those he follows.
Mr. Entsuah, a former city councilman in Clermont who has worked for Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, added that he looked for people who were not afraid to call out statements that were false or misinformed. “That’s not just on the Democratic side, but on the Republican side as well,” he said.
The post The Voices Young Conservatives Are Listening to Online appeared first on New York Times.
