Calls are mounting among Western nations to allow attacks on Russian territory using weapons that they have sent the Ukrainian military, a measure that Ukraine says will enable it to better prevent Russian attacks.
On Monday, the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, made up of lawmakers from countries belonging to the military alliance, adopted a declaration urging NATO members to lift a ban on firing Western weapons into Russia. That came after similar calls by NATO’s top official, Jens Stoltenberg, and government ministers in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Sweden.
The calls to allow Ukraine to expand its use of the Western weapons are mostly directed at the United States, the largest supplier of arms to the Ukrainian government. Washington has repeatedly asked Ukraine not to fire U.S.-made weapons into Russian territory for fear of escalating the war, although a debate has now opened within the Biden administration over relaxing the ban.
Ukraine has complained in recent months that the ban allows Russian forces to launch attacks from inside Russian territory without risk and hampers its ability to repel them. That disadvantage became clear this month when Russia started a new offensive in northeastern Ukraine after amassing troops and equipment just across the border.
“We had information from our intelligence services about Russia accumulating troops on the other side of the border but we couldn’t strike them to prevent this offensive,” Yehor Cherniev, the deputy chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament’s national security committee, said in a phone interview. “We had to wait for when they crossed the border.” He added: “It cost us a lot of lives.”
Now Ukrainian officials fear a similar scenario could play out again. Russia, they say, has amassed some 10,000 troops further north, across the border from the Ukrainian region of Sumy, in preparation for a possible ground offensive.
“Why can’t we use weapons to destroy them where they are massing?” President Volodymyr Zelensky asked in an interview with The New York Times last week. “This would also help because they wouldn’t be united in a single operation. They would know that if they accumulate at a particular point, we will strike.”
For now, the Ukrainian military has limited itself to using Western weapons to hit targets in Russian-occupied territory within Ukraine. Russian officials said on Tuesday that the Russian-held city of Luhansk in eastern Ukraine had been attacked twice overnight, with explosions rocking the city and fires breaking out.
Artem Lysohor, the head of the Ukrainian military administration for the Luhansk region, said that Ukraine was behind the attack. He made the statement in a social media post that included a video showing a large orange blaze raging on the horizon at night, saying that the attack had targeted an aircraft repair plant.
His claim could not be independently verified and it was unclear what kind of weapon had been involved. But Luhansk is more than 50 miles behind Russian lines, a distance that Ukraine could strike with its arsenal of mid- to long-range Western missiles. Military experts and think tanks said Ukraine struck a Russian military training ground near Luhansk this month, probably with U.S.-supplied long-range ATACMS missiles.
Ukrainian officials say such strikes inside Russia would allow them to degrade Moscow’s ability to mount military operations. Kyiv has used its fleet of homemade long-range drones to target airfields and energy infrastructure in Russia, but it does not produce the kind of powerful missiles or long-range artillery that could pound important military complexes.
Latvia’s president, Edgars Rinkevics, told CNN on Monday that Russia’s recent gains in the northeast were “the consequence of our inability to provide Ukraine with weapons” and restrictions on using “those weapons to strike military targets in Russia.”
Latvia is one of several countries in Europe that have recently called to allow Ukraine to use Western weapons against Russian territory. Going a step further, Britain and Sweden, which joined NATO just two months ago, have suggested that Ukraine could use their weapons to strike inside Russia. Britain has sent Kyiv powerful long-range Storm Shadow missiles and Sweden has provided it with several self-propelled artillery systems.
The Kremlin has warned that using Western weapons on Russian soil would escalate the war and prompt retaliation. On Tuesday, Dmitry Peskov, the Kremlin’s spokesman, told Izvestia, a Russian newspaper, that calls to allow Ukraine to fire the weapons into Russia were “absolutely irresponsible and provocative.”
Some lawmakers in the United States and France have also written to their governments in the past few days asking them to lift the ban on using Western weapons.
Both countries are now considering sending military personnel to Ukraine to help train Ukrainian troops, raising questions about how they would respond if Western trainers came under Russian attack.
On Monday, Gen. Oleksandr Syrsky, Ukraine’s commander in chief, welcomed in a social media post “France’s initiative to send instructors to Ukraine to train Ukrainian military personnel,” saying he had already signed documents that would facilitate their arrival. Ukraine’s defense ministry later clarified that no decision had been made and that the Ukrainian and French governments were “still in discussion” over the issue.
Faced with Russia’s advances on the Ukrainian battlefield, a number of countries have increased their military support for Ukraine in recent months. Mr. Zelensky traveled to Spain on Monday and then Belgium on Tuesday to sign bilateral security agreements.
The agreements are among a string of such commitments to Ukraine over the past year from more than 30 countries. They are meant to provide Kyiv with sufficient security assistance to deter further Russian aggression, including deliveries of key weapons, training of troops and intelligence sharing.
As part of the agreements, both Spain and Belgium said they would allocate one billion euros, about $1.1 billion, of military aid to Ukraine this year. Belgium also pledged to give Kyiv 30 F-16 fighter jets over the next four years.
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