A spending deal to fund most of the government was in limbo on Monday as conservative Republicans in the House threatened to block it, imperiling its chances of enactment in time to quickly end the partial government shutdown.
The agreement, which the Senate approved on Friday and was the product of negotiations among Senate Republican and Democratic leaders and the White House, would keep the Department of Homeland Security running for two weeks while Democrats and President Trump negotiate restrictions on the administration’s immigration crackdown.
But Mr. Trump and House Republican leaders were scrambling to line up the votes to bring up the legislation on Tuesday, imploring members of their own party to drop their demands for changes.
“I hope all Republicans and Democrats will join me in supporting this bill, and send it to my desk WITHOUT DELAY,” he wrote. “There can be NO CHANGES at this time.”
It came as the measure was running into a wall of opposition among hard-right lawmakers. The House must give final approval to the agreement to reopen major parts of the government that shuttered on Saturday morning.
To do so, Speaker Mike Johnson, who can hardly afford any defections given his minuscule majority, must pull together near-unanimous Republican support to get it to the floor.
Representative Anna Paulina Luna, Republican of Florida, said that she would not vote to advance the package unless Republicans attached unrelated legislation that would require that individuals prove that they are American citizens before they can register to vote in elections.
“This is my price for a ‘yes’ vote,” Ms. Luna said on social media.
The House passed such a measure, known as the SAVE Act, last year over the opposition of Democrats, who called it unnecessary and argued its requirements would be so burdensome that they could discourage Americans from exercising their right to vote. It has stalled in the Senate, where it would need the backing of at least seven Democrats to reach the 60-vote threshold to proceed to a vote.
Senator Chuck Schumer, Democrat of New York and the minority leader, compared the measure to Jim Crow-era voting laws and said that Ms. Luna’s request was a nonstarter.
“It is a poison pill that will kill any legislation that it is attached to,” he said in a statement.
Representative Greg Steube, Republican of Florida, said he was opposed overall to the spending package, the product of weeks of bipartisan negotiations, arguing that it contained excessive earmarks requested by lawmakers and funded foreign aid efforts he rejects.
“I will not support that approach,” he said. “Our law enforcement and border security professionals deserve clean and responsible funding.”
Representative Eric Burlison, Republican of Missouri, told a local radio station that the spending measure, which he opposed as it moved through the House this month, “did not get better; it got worse.”
“I don’t know why they think that they’re going to be able to get all the Republicans to vote for this,” he said in an interview with KSGF, a Springfield, Mo., station.
House Republicans have throughout Mr. Trump’s second term insisted they would block legislation, only to buckle when faced with pressure from the White House.
Speaker Mike Johnson told reporters that he expected to pass the spending package on Tuesday. But the speaker, who has frequently leaned on the president for legislative support, is in a particularly tight spot this week. On Monday evening, he is expected to swear in a Democrat who just won a special election in Texas. After that, Mr. Johnson will be able to afford just one defection on any party-line vote if all members are present.
The spending agreement was also dividing House Democrats, many of whom staunchly oppose providing any money for the Department of Homeland Security — even a two-week stopgap measure — given the violent tactics federal agents have used in carrying out Mr. Trump’s immigration crackdown.
Representative Bennie Thompson of Mississippi, the top Democrat on the Homeland Security committee, urged his colleagues on Monday to oppose the package, arguing in a letter that Democrats “must act now to demand real changes” before giving more funds to ICE and Customs and Border Protection.
The issue of continuing to provide funding for ICE — particularly after Republicans included $75 million in funding for the agency in their marquee tax bill over the summer — has emerged as a particularly politically toxic one for Democrats.
But driving some of the opposition is also skepticism among Democrats that Republican leaders will agree to any significant changes to the agency. A number of Republicans, for example, have already objected to Democrats’s demand that immigration agents not wear masks.
“The reason that ICE agents wear masks is to protect their own identities and protect their own families,” Mr. Johnson said on “Meet the Press” on Sunday. “And in some circumstances, they’ve had a price put on their heads effectively by local officials.”
Some Democrats signaled that they would vote for the package if House Republicans were able to clear the procedural hurdle required to move it to the floor for a vote.
Representative Rosa DeLauro of Connecticut, the top Democrat on the Appropriations Committee, said on Monday that she would do so. The stopgap measure for homeland security, she said, “gives us time and it gives us leverage to secure the protections that we need for our communities.”
Representative Hakeem Jeffries of New York, the Democratic leader, said on Monday that “there’s a variety of different perspectives” within his caucus on the spending package, and that Democrats would continue to discuss it.
But Mr. Jeffries said that it was “hard to imagine” members of his party helping Mr. Johnson muster the votes to get the spending package to the floor.
Michael Gold covers Congress for The Times, with a focus on immigration policy and congressional oversight.
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