President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine told reporters on Tuesday that he was ready to pull his troops back from areas of the eastern Donetsk region still under Kyiv’s control and turn the areas into a demilitarized zone as part of a possible peace deal with Moscow.
The offer was the closest Mr. Zelensky has come to addressing the thorny territorial disputes in Donetsk that have repeatedly derailed peace talks, signaling his willingness to compromise after weeks of U.S.-mediated negotiations.
But the proposal also hinted at the significant gaps that remain between Ukraine and Russia. Mr. Zelensky’s offer of a demilitarized zone came with a condition: Russia would have to pull its forces from an equivalent stretch of land in Donetsk. So far, the Kremlin has given no indication that it is willing to accept anything less than full control over the region.
The proposal forms part of a revised 20-point peace plan drawn up by Ukraine and the United States in the past few weeks and which Mr. Zelensky presented to reporters in Kyiv on Tuesday. The plan covers a broad range of issues, from potential territorial arrangements to the security guarantees Kyiv wants to prevent future Russian aggression, as well as plans to rebuild the war-ravaged nation.
Mr. Zelensky portrayed the plan as Ukraine’s best effort to end the war and said it was now up to Russia to decide how to respond. He said the various points “largely reflect the joint Ukrainian American position,” though Kyiv and Washington did not reach an agreement on two sticking points: the fate of Ukrainian-held territory in Donetsk and control of a major nuclear plant currently occupied by Russia. On the second point, Kyiv offered to manage the plant jointly with the United States as a form of compromise.
Mr. Zelensky said that the new draft peace plan was now being presented to Russia by the United States, and that Kyiv expected Moscow’s response by Wednesday evening.
Still, Kyiv’s proposed compromises, even if accepted in full by the United States, are likely to be rejected by Moscow, which has insisted its primary goal is a full military takeover of Donetsk — whether achieved on the battlefield or at the negotiating table — and has dismissed any notion of returning the nuclear plant to Ukrainian control. A senior Kremlin official dimmed hopes for progress over the weekend, calling the latest U.S.-Ukraine peace talks “rather unconstructive.”
Mr. Zelensky voiced cautious optimism that Moscow would not openly reject the new proposal for fear of angering President Trump. “They cannot tell President Trump: ‘Look we are against a peaceful settlement,” he told reporters. “That is, if they try to obstruct everything, then President Trump would have to arm us heavily, while imposing all possible sanctions against them.”
“We have come significantly closer to finalizing the documents,” he said about a possible peace deal.
As he spoke on Tuesday, the Ukrainian leader was reading from a stack of documents outlining the proposal along with separate addendums on security guarantees and Ukraine’s postwar reconstruction. Several sentences in the proposal were highighted in red, marking what Mr. Zelensky said were the most debated points.
The main point of contention — control over the Donetsk region — has been subject to multiple proposals in recent months. Russia first offered to swap territories it captured elsewhere in Ukraine in exchange for the remainder of Donetsk it has yet to capture. Ukraine rejected the offer, arguing it cannot cede any land that’s not occupied.
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A peace proposal drafted by Russia and the United States last month then called for Ukrainian forces to withdraw from the areas of Donetsk they currently hold and turn them into a neutral demilitarized buffer zone.
The new draft peace plan Mr. Zelensky unveiled says Ukraine is ready to build on the idea of a demilitarized zone by expanding it to include not only areas vacated by Ukrainian forces but also Russian-controlled areas from which Moscow would pull its troops.
Mr. Zelensky emphasized that any Ukrainian pullback should be matched by Russia, though the exact size of the proposed zone remains unclear. In Donetsk, he said the demilitarized zone could include Kramatorsk and Sloviansk, two Ukrainian-held cities that form Kyiv’s last main defensive belt in the eastern region. A buffer zone administered by international forces would separate the two sides within the demilitarized area.
Territories are perhaps the most difficult issue in a peace deal because they touch on multiple complex factors. Militarily, Ukraine cannot afford to give up heavily fortified areas of Donetsk that could serve as launch points for further Russian attacks. There are also humanitarian concerns related to the relocation of residents. And ceding control over parts of Ukrainian territory could deal a serious blow to national morale.
For all these reasons, Mr. Zelensky said establishing a demilitarized zone would have to be approved by Ukrainians through a referendum.
The proposed plan also says Ukraine will hold elections as soon as possible after a peace deal is signed. Mr. Zelensky’s own five-year presidential term would have expired in May of last year, but was extended under martial law rules in place since Russia’s invasion in 2022.
Mr. Zelensky described the demilitarized areas as a “free economic zone.” While the potential economic opportunities of the war-ravaged territory remain unclear, the phrasing may be intended to appeal to Mr. Trump’s business-oriented mind-set and to American businesses drawn by Ukraine’s mineral riches in areas close to the front.
The Ukrainian leader said that a free economic zone could be established around the Russian-occupied nuclear plant, located near the frontline in the southern Zaporizhzhia region. The plant has not been operating since 2022, but as the largest nuclear plant in Europe, with capacity to generate up to six gigawatts of electricity, its economic potential is enormous.
Mr. Zelensky said the United States had proposed that Washington, Kyiv, and Moscow share control and profits from the plant. But he added that Kyiv could not agree to trade energy with Moscow. Under the new proposal, he said, the plant would operate as a joint venture between Kyiv and Washington — an offer that Moscow is unlikely to accept.
Other parts of the plan deal more directly with America’s economic interests as part of Ukraine’s reconstruction efforts.
It envisions a new investment fund to finance Ukraine’s reconstruction, with U.S. companies supporting projects in the country, including in the energy sector. The fund would draw on both public and private investors, with Mr. Zelensky saying the United States may contribute $100 billion and Europe a similar amount. It remains unclear where the money would come from and whether European countries have agreed to the plan. The ultimate goal is to raise up to $800 billion for Ukraine’s rebuilding.
Other points in the proposal relate to the security guarantees Ukraine seeks. They would include keeping Ukraine’s army at a peacetime strength of 800,000 troops, with funding from Western partners; membership in the European Union; European military support; and bilateral security guarantees from the United States.
Mr. Zelensky said European military support would come from the so-called Coalition of the Willing, a group of about 30 countries that have committed to strengthening Ukraine’s postwar security by contributing to its defenses in the air, on land and at sea. That could include the deployment of European forces in Ukraine — a non-starter for the Kremlin.
Constant Méheut reports on the war in Ukraine, including battlefield developments, attacks on civilian centers and how the war is affecting its people.
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