They tried and failed to bring up a bill that would limit, but not ban, congressional stock trading.
They sought unsuccessfully to advance legislation that would encourage, but not require, utility companies to force data centers to foot the bill for rising energy costs.
Republicans in Congress this week spent their last hours in the Capitol before the midterm elections pushing a series of meant-to-fail votes that they hoped could signal to voters that they were at least trying to address widespread concerns about the high cost of living. It was a familiar pre-election exercise made more urgent this year because those Republicans are battling stiff headwinds, including economic concerns and President Trump’s sagging approval ratings, in their battle to maintain control of Congress.
But they emerged with no meaningful progress on a long list of issues weighing on their constituents, leaving some wondering — if not openly doubting — whether they had done enough to persuade voters to keep them in power.
“If you can’t pay the bills, you know, no matter how much you love us as Republicans, we’re in control,” said Senator Jim Justice, Republican of West Virginia. “And if you can’t pay the bills, you’ve got a real problem with us.”
Though polls have shown voters to be concerned with the economy, the cost of living, the war in Iran and government corruption, the Senate spent most of its final two weeks of floor time debating an expansive college sports bill that few thought would have much resonance on the campaign trail.
Republicans’ marquee legislative achievements have been a sweeping tax cut and domestic policy bill that was so unpopular they tried to rename it; a tranche of funding for federal immigration enforcement efforts of which Americans are increasingly wary; and a substantial housing law that the president refused to sign and is unlikely to have an immediate impact on housing costs.
G.O.P. leaders who have spent most of their party’s two-year governing trifecta deferring to Mr. Trump had little choice but to project optimism that it would all be enough to overcome the growing dismay over the cost of food, fuel and other consumer goods. But even they were focusing their closing message not on their own achievements but on dire warnings about what Democrats would do if they win control of Congress.
“If you vote for Democrats, what you’re going to get is higher taxes, more spending, bigger government and open borders,” said Senator John Thune, Republican of South Dakota and the majority leader. “I mean, that’s the choice in front of the American people. So irrespective of where things are today and what the price of diesel is today, if you want a better future for your family as you look at this election, the choices in front of you, to me, it’s a no-brainer.”
Still, Mr. Thune is not on the ballot. With a growing number of races seen by both parties as tossups, some in the party conceded that control of the Senate may rest on how successful individual Republicans are in distancing themselves from Mr. Trump and the G.O.P. brand.
“You’ve got to be pitch perfect,” said Senator Thom Tillis, the North Carolina Republican who decided not to run for re-election. “Be who you are, and be focused on the priorities of your constituents. Forget the national mood. Forget the national agenda. Focus on your state.”
Though Republicans entered the midterms with a map that favored them, they have found themselves on the defensive in reliably red states in the face of an unpopular war in Iran, continued inflation and the president’s low approval ratings.
In an indication of how the party’s fortunes have changed, Senator Tim Scott of South Carolina, the chairman of Senate Republicans’ campaign arm, told reporters on Wednesday that Kansas, once seen as reliably red, had become more competitive than he had hoped.
Facing that political environment, some Republicans have asked whether they should have done more to shore up their record on affordability. Mr. Justice said that he had been “screaming to the high heavens for months” that lawmakers needed to demonstrate that they were in touch with average Americans’ economic concerns.
Senator John Kennedy, Republican of Louisiana, suggested that lawmakers were scrambling to address major issues after eating up time on the college sports measure.
“There are things you need to get done, and we shouldn’t wait until the last minute,” he said.
He pointed specifically to a bill that would have capped the cost of insulin, bipartisan legislation that is sponsored by one of the party’s most endangered incumbents, Senator Susan Collins of Maine. And he said he was frustrated that the Senate left before taking up two House-passed measures to roll back California’s energy policies, something he said would have lowered costs.
“If I controlled the floor, we’d be doing a whole lot more,” Mr. Kennedy said. “And we’d have done a whole lot more.”
The votes on stock trading and data centers were meant as much to put Democrats on the defensive as to help Republican candidates in close contests address their vulnerabilities on critical issues. But Senator Chuck Schumer, Democrat of New York and the minority leader, dismissed them as ineffective messaging efforts that would do little to shift the political winds.
“It’s an act of desperation that’s going to fail, and none of that is going to work,” Mr. Schumer said in an interview. “For it to even have a scintilla of working, they would have had to pass something and actually make it law.”
Still, Senator Jon Husted, an Ohio Republican, expressed confidence after Democrats blocked his legislation, which would have urged utilities to make technology companies shoulder the increased energy costs tied to data center growth. Mr. Husted has faced a flurry of attack ads accusing him of supporting data centers.
“We gave everybody a chance to do something about affordability, and the Democrats blocked it,” Mr. Husted said. “So we’ll go campaign on it, and we’ll talk about it.”
Such messaging votes have become a routine for Congress in the weeks before the election, and Mr. Schumer himself brought a number of them before the 2024 election in which Democrats lost control of Congress.
Senator John Cornyn, the Texas Republican who will leave office next year after losing his primary to a Trump-backed challenger, said those doomed-to-fail procedural votes could matter.
“I think it is important to show we are trying, even if we are not successful,” he said. “It is up to the candidates to get the message through.”
Catie Edmondson and Olivia Diaz contributed reporting.
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