On the first day of the war with Iran, a weapon bearing the hallmarks of a newly developed U.S.-made ballistic missile was used in an attack that struck a sports hall and adjacent elementary school near a military facility in southern Iran, according to weapons experts and a visual analysis by The New York Times. Local officials cited in Iranian media said this strike and others nearby in the city of Lamerd killed at least 21 people.
The Feb. 28 attack occurred the same day as a U.S. Tomahawk cruise missile struck a school in the city of Minab, several hundred miles away, killing 175 people. In the case of Lamerd, though, it involved a weapon that had been untested in combat.
The Times verified videos of two strikes in Lamerd, as well as aftermath footage from the attacks. Times reporters and munitions experts found the weapon features, explosions and damage are consistent with a short-range ballistic missile called the Precision Strike Missile, or PrSM (pronounced like “prism”), which is designed to detonate just above its target and blast small tungsten pellets outward.
Videos that capture one strike, in a residential area about 900 feet from the sports hall and school, show the weapon in flight, with a distinctive silhouette that matches the PrSM. The missile erupts in a large fireball midair.
Another video, filmed from a security camera directly across from the sports hall, shows the strike on the hall and adjacent school. While the video does not capture an incoming missile, it clearly shows an explosion just above the structure.
Photos of the aftermath show both sites were pockmarked with holes, apparently from the tungsten pellets.
There is an Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, or I.R.G.C., compound directly next to the sports hall. It’s not known if it was struck in the attack.
The PrSM completed prototype testing only last year, according to an Army press release. On March 1, U.S. Central Command posted a video of a PrSM launch from the first 24 hours of the war. Days later, Adm. Brad Cooper, who leads Central Command, said the PrSM had been used in combat for the first time. The military has been touting its debut.
Since the weapon is so new, it’s more difficult to assess whether the PrSM strikes in Lamerd were intentional, stemmed from a design flaw or manufacturing defect, or were the result of improper target selection.
It’s unclear if or how the school or sports hall might be affiliated with the I.R.G.C. compound, but according to archival satellite imagery, they have been walled off from the compound for at least 15 years.
The sports hall, at the time of the strikes, was being used by a female volleyball team, according to Amir Saeid Iravani, Iran’s representative to the United Nations. Photos and videos posted to a social media account linked to the school show the premises were regularly used by children. The sports hall has also for years been publicly identified as a civilian-use facility on readily available digital mapping platforms, including Google Maps, Apple Maps and Wikimapia, according to a review by The Times.
Ground-level and satellite images of the aftermath show the sports hall with scorch marks and a partly collapsed roof. Footage from inside the school shows blown-out windows, fire damage and splotches of blood.
The PrSM’s intended use is to kill enemy troops and destroy unarmored vehicles, and it can fly more than twice as far as any other missile in the Army’s arsenal.
A U.S. official who spoke to The Times confirmed that the missile used in the Lamerd strike was the PrSM. The official was not authorized to comment publicly about the attack and spoke on the condition of anonymity.
Other experts consulted by The Times also provided an assessment of the weapon.
“While we knew PrSM was fired, this is the first look we’ve gotten at the business end of the system,” Jeffrey Lewis, a nuclear nonproliferation expert at Middlebury College, said after reviewing videos and photos of the incident.
Mr. Lewis’s observation was supported by Frederic Gras, another munitions expert.
He said the video showing airburst detonation was very clear, and “the pattern of fragmentation damages are impressive and match with the few technical information available on the PrSM.”
Capt. Tim Hawkins, a spokesman for U.S. Central Command, said in a statement to The Times on Saturday: “We’re aware of the reports and are looking into them. U.S. forces do not indiscriminately target civilians, unlike the Iranian regime.”
Mr. Lewis said the missile seen in the video also resembled another ground-launched American weapon — a guided rocket called GMLRS-ER, but since that munition has a range of only 93 miles, versus the PrSM’s 400 miles, it would have had to have been fired from inside Iran, which is highly unlikely.
In addition to the sports hall and school, and nearby residential area, a third location may have been hit in the attack. The Times verified a video that shows another plume of smoke rising close to the other strikes at the same time. Local Telegram and media reports stated a cultural center had been hit, but that couldn’t be independently verified.
The BBC reported earlier that the missiles used in Lamerd may have been PrSMs.
The strikes on Iran are being conducted by a joint Israeli-U.S. coalition, but senior American military officials made it clear that in the opening days of the conflict the United States was operating in the southern part of the country, where Lamerd is located.
The footage of the weapon in flight and subsequently exploding in the residential area was broadcast by Fars, a semiofficial news agency affiliated with Iran’s security forces, and appears to originate from security cameras.
Another camera captures the explosion over the sports hall.
A video posted by a local Iranian media outlet showed the damaged interior of the adjacent school after the strike.
Photographs taken at the scene show the sports hall’s playground peppered and pockmarked, a pattern of damage consistent with the exploding warhead on a PrSM.
A similar fragmentation pattern appears in photos and video verified by The Times at the residential area just southeast of the sports hall, where the explosion destroyed an oil truck and damaged several shops and residential buildings. No large blast craters are visible at these locations — which is also consistent with an airbursting PrSM warhead.
At least 21 people were killed in the strikes, according to Iran’s state news agency, IRNA. While that figure has not been independently verified, photos and videos posted online by local media outlets show scenes from a mass funeral the next day, March 1. An additional hundred people were injured, said Mr. Iravani, Iran’s representative to the U.N.
Some of the casualties were volleyball players who were training inside the hall when the missile struck, according to Mr. Iravani, and eyewitnesses cited by U.S.-based online media outlet Drop Site News.
Tasnim, a semiofficial Iranian news agency, published the names of the 21 people it said were killed. An Iran-based journalist, Negin Bagheri, wrote about two of the victims: Helma Ahmadizadeh, a 10-year-old fourth-grader, and Elham Zaeri, a fifth-grader, both of whom were at volleyball practice when the missile struck. Khabar-e Jonoub, an Iranian newspaper, reported on the death of a sports coach identified as Mahmoud Najafi.
The PrSM is a short-range ballistic missile designed to replace the Army Tactical Missile System, or ATACMS, in the Army and Marine Corps arsenal. Developed by Lockheed Martin in Camden, Ark., it’s capable of hitting targets at a range of approximately 400 miles. But additional details about the weapon, including its expected accuracy and the quantity of explosives it carries, remain unknown to the public.
In past wars, the Pentagon has at times deployed developmental weapons like the PrSM to active war zones for what the military calls “combat evaluation,” so long as commanders knowingly accept the attendant risk of using a munition before it has gone through more testing.
Reporting was contributed by Alexander Cardia and Eric Schmitt. Video editing was contributed by Cynthia Silva.
Christiaan Triebert is a Times reporter working on the Visual Investigations team, a group that combines traditional reporting with digital sleuthing and analysis of visual evidence to verify and source facts from around the world.
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