Vilbrun Dorsainvil was a physician in his native Haiti, but after fleeing his troubled country he couldn’t practice when he arrived in the United States. Determined to stay in medicine, he retrained as a registered nurse and now works in the cardiac unit of the only hospital in Springfield, Ohio, a city grappling with a shortage of health care workers.
He monitors patients after procedures, administers medication and comforts families during difficult moments. “Being in health care was my dream,” said Mr. Dorsainvil, 35, who came to the United States five years ago. “It hurt a little not to practice as a physician, but I was blessed that I could stay in health care.”
That blessing has an expiration date. On Feb. 3, Mr. Dorsainvil and more than 330,000 other Haitians in the United States could lose their right to work here, potentially destabilizing the health care industry in places like Springfield, where a large influx of Haitian immigrants has settled in recent years and helped fill critical health care roles.
Mr. Dorsainvil lives in the United States under a legal designation called Temporary Protected Status, which can be provided by the U.S. government to people from countries experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters. The protection allows those already in the United States to remain for a specific period of time, and it can be renewed if the U.S. government considers conditions in the country unsafe for people to return.
Haitians have been eligible for T.P.S. since an earthquake devastated the country in 2010, and the protection has been renewed because of other crises. But the Trump administration announced last year that it was terminating the status for several countries, including Afghanistan, Venezuela and Haiti.
By seeking to end T.P.S. for Haitians and many other foreign nationals, the Department of Homeland Security is vastly expanding the number of people who could be expelled from the country as part of the Trump administration’s mass deportation campaign. Officials have argued that T.P.S. was intended to offer only temporary relief but has become an indefinite benefit for tens of thousands of people.
Mr. Dorsainvil is one of several health care workers named as plaintiffs in a lawsuit seeking to preserve the protected status for Haitians.
Rulings are expected in a matter of days in two lawsuits, including Mr. Dorsainvil’s, contesting the termination of T.P.S. for Haitians. Yet, even a favorable decision may offer little relief; the Trump administration is expected to appeal immediately, prolonging the uncertainty for both Haitian workers and their employers.
At least 50,000 migrants with protected status work in health care, an industry struggling to fill positions in small cities and rural areas as an aging America requires more long-term care. The industry also continues to recover from the strains created by the coronavirus pandemic, when nursing homes and senior residential facilities shed more than 400,000 employees.
People from Haiti are a particularly familiar presence in hospitals, clinics and nursing homes in states with large Haitian communities, including Florida, New York and Massachusetts. Haitians filled about 111,000 health care positions in the United States in 2023, according to an analysis of census data by the Migration Policy Institute, a nonpartisan think tank.
“In a health care system facing so many disruptions, it’s shortsighted to make such policy changes” that further erode care, said Leah Masselink, an associate professor of health policy management at George Washington University. “These immigrants are highly qualified, and in positions that are hard to fill.”
Rachel Blumberg, who runs a senior care center in Boca Raton, Fla., said she was bracing for the loss of 30 Haitian employees with Temporary Protected Status who would have to be let go and could be immediately deported.
“These are individuals who have been with us five, six, seven, 10 years,” said Ms. Blumberg, chief executive of Toby & Leon Cooperman Mount Sinai Residences. “They do work that many Americans won’t do.”
“I can’t replace the relationship they have with our residents,” she added.
Asked about the health care industry’s fears of worker shortages, Tricia McLaughlin, a spokeswoman for the homeland security secretary, Kristi Noem, dismissed the concerns. Vice President JD Vance and Stephen Miller, the architect of the administration’s immigration policy, have said that foreign workers displace Americans and undercut their wages, which has been contested by economists whose research shows that in many industries, immigrants fill labor gaps.
In Springfield, a city of about 58,000 between Dayton and Columbus, the stakes are high.
Over the last several years, more than 10,000 Haitians have settled there, drawn by jobs in warehouses, auto-parts factories and the health care sector. They work at the hospital and the community clinic and as caregivers for seniors in a county that has been consistently rated as underserved by the federal government.
“These folks are filling jobs that are some of the hardest for us to keep staffed,” said Chris Cook, the health commissioner for Clark County, which includes Springfield.
Mr. Dorsainvil entered the United States with a tourist visa in early 2021 and settled in Springfield. When the Biden administration granted Temporary Protected Status to Haitians in May of that year, the status allowed him to enroll in a local college to pursue a nursing degree. While studying, he worked weekend shifts at an Amazon warehouse and part time as a nursing assistant at the Springfield Regional Medical Center.
Since earning his degree last year, he has worked 13-hour shifts at the hospital, where he cares for up to 50 patients a week. Last year, he bought a duplex that he shares with his brother and two cousins, all from Haiti.
Thomas Hupman, who was born and raised in Springfield, helped train Mr. Dorsainvil and said it would be a “tremendous loss” for the hospital if he had to go. “Vilbrun has knowledge and compassion, and no task is beneath him,” said Mr. Hupman, 31, who is also a registered nurse. “He is there for the patients.”
Successive administrations have granted protected status to Haitians since the 2010 earthquake, which was estimated to have killed some 300,000 people. More recently, tens of thousands fled the Caribbean nation after the 2021 assassination of the last elected president. The ensuing crisis has fueled widespread gang violence, forced residents from their homes and led to hunger.
Mr. Dorsainvil said he never planned to stay in the United States forever. He has a daughter back home who was born shortly after he fled and is now 5. “Leaving Haiti was the hardest decision,” he said. “I told myself it’s not going to be for long.”
He said he was followed by armed men and repeatedly threatened because of his family’s political opposition and his own vocal criticism of mismanagement within Haiti’s health care system. In a written declaration filed as part of his lawsuit over T.P.S., he said that several of his brothers had gone into hiding or fled Haiti after being attacked and imprisoned.
“If my country is safe enough,” he said, “with a president in office doing the right thing, I will go back.”
Miriam Jordan reports from a grass roots perspective on immigrants and their impact on the demographics, society and economy of the United States.
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