The International Olympic Committee awarded the 2034 Winter Games to Salt Lake City on Wednesday only after a last-minute demand that the agreement shield global sports authorities from U.S. investigations into doping by Chinese athletes.
Organizers of Salt Lake City’s bid and Gov. Spencer J. Cox of Utah agreed to the changes sought by the I.O.C. The unexpected twist came amid an escalating dispute between the global antidoping agency and its American counterpart, and at a time when the Justice Department and Congress are looking into why Chinese swimmers who tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs three years ago were not subject to penalties from the World Anti-Doping Agency.
Mr. Cox told I.O.C. members before Wednesday’s vote awarding the 2034 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games to Salt Lake City that he would “work with the levers of power,” including in Congress, to “alleviate your concerns.”
The announcement brought fully into the open a festering clash within the sports world over reports of Chinese doping, the adequacy of the response and aggressive efforts by the United States to combat it.
Critics of the I.O.C. and the antidoping agency, known as WADA, said they saw the developments as a blatant effort to cover up both a pattern of suspicious activity in the Chinese swimming program and the unwillingness of WADA to confront it.
“It is shocking to see the I.O.C. itself stooping to threats in an apparent effort to silence those seeking answers to what are now known as facts,” said Travis Tygart, the chief executive of the United States Anti-Doping Agency, which has been in an increasingly open battle with WADA over policing the use of banned substances.
“It seems more apparent than ever that WADA violated the rules and needs accountability and reform to truly be the global watchdog that clean athletes need,” Mr. Tygart said in a statement.
The New York Times revealed in April that 23 elite Chinese swimmers tested positive for the same powerful banned substance seven months before the Tokyo Olympic Games in 2021. The Times found that the swimmers were allowed to escape public scrutiny and continue to compete after top Chinese officials secretly cleared them of doping and that WADA chose not to intervene despite evidence that appeared to undercut the Chinese argument that the swimmers were blameless.
The Times subsequently reported that three of those 23 swimmers had tested positive several years earlier for a different performance-enhancing drug and had escaped being publicly identified and suspended in that case as well.
The F.B.I. and Justice Department have opened a criminal investigation into how the Chinese positive tests were handled, and agents working on that investigation tried to question a top swimming official when he was in the United States last month for the U.S. Olympic trials, triggering alarms in global sports circles about the potential legal risks from the inquiries.
In response, WADA officials have moved a meeting scheduled to be held in the United States later this year to Canada, ensuring that its officials cannot be questioned by the American authorities. Along with the criminal investigation, Congress — which contributes a major portion of WADA’s budget — has at least two committees investigating the Chinese positives and has threatened to withhold financing if it does not receive answers to its questions.
WADA’s president, Witold Banka, declined an invitation to a congressional hearing in June that sought to find answers to how the Chinese swimmers were able to bypass regular antidoping rules. The subcommittee holding the hearing made a point of leaving his seat empty.
In finalizing the award of the 2034 Games to Salt Lake City on Wednesday, days before the opening of the Paris Games, several Olympic committee officials, while praising Salt Lake City’s bid, expressed anger at the investigations by the U.S. authorities.
John Coates, the I.O.C.’s top legal official, said that the organization had altered the signed hosting agreement to grant it the right to “terminate Olympic host city contracts in cases where the supreme authority of the World Anti-Doping Agency in the fight against doping is not fully respected or if the application of the world antidoping code is hindered or undermined.”
Salt Lake City officials confirmed that they had agreed to the changes and signed a revised agreement.
Gene Sykes, chairman of the board of the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee, said the change in the Salt Lake City bid contract was not meant to undermine the ongoing federal investigations into the Chinese swimming case, the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency or an American doping law that can subject conspirators to criminal penalties at international sports competitions that involve athletes from the United States.
“I think everyone is committed to making WADA as strong as possible, no one more so than the U.S.O.P.C.,” Mr. Sykes said in an interview on Wednesday. “We believe that all of what’s happened over the past several months is a constructive step toward making WADA stronger.”
The clash over policing doping largely overshadowed the celebration of the winning bid for the 2034 Games by Salt Lake City, where a brazen bribery scandal before the 2002 Winter Olympics helped change the way host cities are chosen.
Fraser Bullock, the Salt Lake City bid’s leader, said the demand from the I.O.C. to change the contract came as a surprise.
“We’ve been on this wonderful journey for 22 years and then out of the blue something new comes up, which was completely unexpected, was not directly our problem but our country’s problem.” he said. “And as we look at this issue I’m very sympathetic to how the international sport federations feel. Because they’re worried, ‘Can I come to the U.S. safely?’”
Governor Cox said that he and Salt Lake officials will return to the United States and start working on the promises made to the I.O.C. in Paris.
“We will work very closely with the Department of Justice, we will work with the Senate, we will work with the Biden administration and whatever the next administration is so that we can get a comfort level in what we are going to do to work together because the United States cannot clean up sport by itself — that’s impossible.”
I.O.C. officials did not hold back on their criticism or their expectation that the delegation from Utah would deliver on its promises. John Coates, the I.O.C.’s Australian vice president, told Salt Lake officials that promises they had made in Paris were being recorded and that in the IOC’s world spoken words would be considered just as watertight as contracts.
But it is not clear that Mr. Cox or other members of the Salt Lake City bid team will have any influence over the Justice Department, which is charged with upholding the law against doping at international events where Americans are competing, or Congress, where both parties share various degrees of skepticism toward China and WADA.
“It speaks volumes that the I.O.C. would demand a one-sided contract condition to protect WADA rather than work together to ensure it is fulfilling its mission to protect clean sport,” said a joint statement from Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Republican of Washington and the chair of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, and Representative Frank Pallone of New Jersey, the senior Democrat on the panel.
“The eyes of the world are about to turn toward the Paris Olympics where athletes should be able to compete on a level playing field, but unfortunately these reports cast further doubt on WADA,” their statement said.
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