Over successive administrations, the U.S. government has used stiff trade restrictions to try to stifle the Chinese telecom giant Huawei. In turn, the company never misses an opportunity to show that it is still standing.
Last year, at the tail end of a visit to China by Gina Raimondo, the U.S. commerce secretary, Huawei unveiled a smartphone that was powered by an advanced semiconductor made in China. The chip was exactly the kind of technology that the United States, in an effort led by Ms. Raimondo, had tried to prevent China from developing.
The Huawei phone, called the Mate 60 Pro, was heralded in China as the triumph of a national champion over American constraints. It sold out within minutes on Chinese e-commerce platforms. Many shoppers chose to pair their purchase with a phone case emblazoned with a photo of Ms. Raimondo’s face.
In the Chinese tech hub of Shenzhen on Tuesday, Huawei again is set to put itself in the spotlight with the expected announcement of a new device just hours after Apple introduced its iPhone 16 in California. Huawei’s latest phone, the Mate XT, is heavy on novelty: It can be folded, twice.
The tablet-size device folds along two vertical seams to become the size of a typical phone. It is the first commercially available trifold smartphone. It comes in two colors, red and black, and will go on sale on Sept. 20.
Since the Mate 60 Pro was launched last year, Huawei has been eating into Apple’s yearslong dominance of the market for high-end smartphones in China.
While the trifold phone is making a splash, Huawei is not yet expected to introduce its latest rival to the iPhone, the next-generation Mate 70.
In recent years, Huawei has launched new products in September, which is also when Apple typically unveils new iPhones.
In 2021, Huawei used a September product event to also commemorate the return of Meng Wanzhou, a top executive and the daughter of the company’s founder, who had been released from detention in Canada after the company had been accused of violating U.S. sanctions.
Analysts said the introduction of the Mate 70 had been slowed by constraints on chip production at the country’s leading chipmaker, the state-backed Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation of China, or SMIC.
The company was behind the chips that enabled Huawei to take the world by surprise last year. But the technology used to manufacture those chips is costly and prone to defects, making it difficult to produce them in large volumes.
Huawei relies on SMIC’s most advanced technology for three of its product lines, including the new trifold phone, said Joanne Chiao, an analyst at TrendForce, a market research firm.
Huawei has not confirmed a release date for the Mate 70. Huawei and SMIC did not respond to a request for comment.
Huawei was once a top global smartphone brand and maker of 5G telecommunications equipment. Its worldwide market share for smartphones plunged after the Trump administration moved in 2019 to restrict its access to critical technologies, including semiconductors. Additional sanctions by the United States and its allies further eroded the company’s profits. But Huawei staged a comeback last year, reporting its fastest growth in four years, driven in part by the sales of Mate 60 Pro.
The new folding phone is Huawei’s attempt to show off its leadership despite the uncertainty around the release date of the Mate 70, according to Linda Sui, a senior director at TechInsights, a market research firm.
“Huawei still tried to do something to save face, to make people believe they feel comfortable competing with Apple side by side,” Ms. Sui said.
For a decade, China accounted for roughly 20 percent of Apple’s total sales. It was the iPhone’s most important market after the United States.
But Apple’s market share in China declined dramatically during the first half of this year. Even offering iPhones at a discount — a rare step for Apple — was not enough to reverse the decline.
In the quarter that ended in June, Apple fell out of the five top-selling brands in China, according to Canalys, a research firm. It was the first quarter in years that the best selling smartphones in China were all made by domestic brands.
Since the Mate 60 was released, Apple has lost nearly a quarter of its market share for high-end smartphones, Ms. Sui said. That share has been taken up by Huawei.
Apple faces additional challenges: reluctance by Chinese consumers to spend while the economy sputters, and growing government pressure for people to turn away from devices made by U.S. companies.
Many consumers are holding on to their phones longer rather than spending on an incremental upgrade. Apple has bet that new software enabled by artificial intelligence will motivate people to spring for the iPhone 16.
Inside China, the government closely regulates access to A.I. products like some of the new features Apple has outlined. Apple has said it plans to work with OpenAI, the American artificial intelligence leader, on part of this technology. But to make it available in China, it is likely that Apple would need to find a Chinese partner company.
An obvious choice would be Baidu, the Chinese search giant. Samsung, the Korean electronics maker, partnered with Baidu for the versions of its new A.I.-enabled smartphone that were released in China this year.
Apple, which did not reply to a request for comment, has not explained how it will roll out its A.I. software in China.
Lori Chang, a senior analyst at Isaiah Research, a market research company, said the trifold phone was unlikely to give Huawei’s sales a dramatic boost. The device will cost upward of $2,000, and because the foldable screen is hard to make, the company is expected to produce just a few hundred thousand units. Huawei launched a foldable phone with one seam early last year.
Still, as of Tuesday, more than three million people had signed up on Huawei’s website to be notified when the Mate XT goes on sale.
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